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Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Samagra Shiksha and RTE Implementation
SSA: GoI's flagship UEE programme, operational from around 2000-01 (nationwide rollout 2001); predates RTE Act, 2009. RTE Act, 2009: enacted for Article 21A; in force from 1 April 2010; norms include pupil-teacher ratio, no screening/capitation fee, 25% reservation in private unaided schools. RMSA: parallel scheme for secondary education. Samagra Shiksha: launched effective 2018-19 (officially 24 May 2018); integrated scheme subsuming SSA + RMSA + Teacher Education; covers pre-school to Class XII as one continuum; now the main vehicle for RTE implementation funding.
Important topics
- Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) - GoI's flagship programme for Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE), operational from around 2000-01
- SSA predates the RTE Act, 2009, and later became the principal implementation vehicle for RTE norms
- RTE Act, 2009 - enacted to give effect to Article 21A, in force from 1 April 2010
- Key RTE norms - pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure norms, no screening test/capitation fee, 25% reservation in private unaided schools for disadvantaged groups
- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) - centrally sponsored scheme for universalising secondary education
- Samagra Shiksha - integrated scheme launched effective 2018-19, subsuming SSA, RMSA, and Teacher Education (TE)
- Samagra Shiksha treats school education as a continuum from pre-school to Class XII
- Shift from scheme-wise (elementary/secondary/teacher-education) silos to one integrated scheme under Samagra Shiksha